In this article, we briefly discuss the documents adorned with icons, which are rarer than other types of illuminated documents 1, and we include as an appendix a list of some of the most representative documents of this kind identified to date 2. We would like to point out that our aim is to study these princely documents as historical sources, through an internal and external analysis of them, without separating the content, that is, the text, from their distinctive graphic and artistic form; for it is precisely this combined assessment of the internal and external components that leads us to accurate conclusions regarding the purpose for which they were issued. Thus, we do not regard them merely as works of art, but as official historical documents issued by the rulers of Wallachia, characterised by a distinctive and rarely used artistic form.
Compared with other types of documents commonly found during the 17th–19th centuries—such as deeds or princely decrees—these charters, being official documents issued by princes, were of particular importance not only for their content but also for their form, many of them being beautifully adorned with ornate initials or frontispieces, written in coloured ink and even with liquid gold. From the 17th century onwards, we also frequently encounter the coat of arms; for Wallachia, to which we are now referring, this was a cross-winged eagle in flight, whilst from the Phanariot period, the combined coats of arms of both Principalities appear very frequently, namely the eagle for Wallachia and the aurochs for Moldavia. The presence of both coats of arms on the same document highlights the fact that, during the Phanariot period, rulers were exchanged between the two principalities, which was a characteristic feature of the era.
From the 17th century onwards, we find not only ornate charters (featuring borders, geometric, floral or even animal motifs, and ornate, stylised initials), but also votive portraits of the rulers on charters, which are numerically far rarer than the votive portraits found in churches (where the right to found a church permitted their painting under certain conditions) and in manuscripts, provided these were commissioned at the behest of rulers. Furthermore, Justice and Wisdom are depicted in the form of women.
We would like to highlight here a particular type of ornate charter, namely those featuring icons of saints, that is, those with iconographic miniatures 3. We find them in the 17th century, but they are far more numerous in the 18th century, during the Phanariot period. Geographically, those featuring miniatures of saints are found in Wallachia, although illuminated documents with votive portraits are also found in Moldavia, where they were introduced via Muntenia. It is considered that, whilst the first charter adorned with votive portraits in Wallachia is that dated 10 July 1614 4, issued by Radu Mihnea for Dealul Monastery, the first in Moldavia is the one dated 9 December 1627, granted by Miron Barnovschi to the Uspenia Monastery in Iași 5.
Votive portraits of the princes also appear in liturgical books, manuscripts commissioned by them for various monasteries, such as the portrait of Stephen the Great in the Tetraevangelion from Humor, dated 1473; the portraits of Matei Basarab and his wife Elina in the Gospel of 1650; and those of Șerban Cantacuzino and his wife Maria in the Register of Cotroceni Monastery from 1799 6. We should also mention the Register of Radu-Vodă Monastery 7 from 1794, which features depictions of Radu-Vodă and Alexandru Moruzi, although they were not contemporaries; or the portrait of Alexandru II Mircea, his wife Ecaterina and their son Mihnea, on the Gospel Book from Mount Sinai 8.
Icons of saints appear in manuscripts and liturgical books; for example, the Liturgy Book from 1654–1656, which depicts Matei Basarab and his wife, with the Deisis icon 9 above them. Similarly, in the Register of Radu-Vodă Monastery, the Holy Trinity—the monastery’s patron—is depicted above the portraits of the princes. The Holy Evangelists are frequently found in early manuscripts, typically Gospel books. There are also portraits of clergymen in manuscripts, such as the depiction of Abbot Ignatius in the Register of Radu-Vodă Monastery in Bucharest or the image (in fact, a self-portrait) of Anastasie Crimca in manuscripts from Dragomirna Monastery in Moldavia. However, in our research we shall confine ourselves solely to charters adorned with icons.
Typologically, the charters adorned with miniatures of saints are deeds confirming landholdings and privileges, or royal grants to monasteries—whether dedicated to the Crown or not—both within and outside the Romanian realm. They may also be confirmations of property granted to high-ranking boyars, as in the case of the charters issued in May 1793 by Alexandru Moruzi, confirming villages, to the Grand Steward Ianache Moruzi and, respectively, to the Grand Logothete Scarlat Ghica. There are also charters containing ecclesiastical regulations, and in this regard we recall the one dated January 1742, issued by Mihail Racoviță. There are also regulations governing the establishment and operation of hospitals; examples include the charter of July 1796, by which Alexandru Moruzi founded the hospital at Dudești, the charter of October 1735, by which Grigorie II Ghica founded the hospital at Pantelimon; and the deed of November 1793, by which Alexandru Moruzi regulated navigation on the Danube.
However, most documents featuring iconographic miniatures are in fact grants and privileges bestowed upon churches and monasteries. In these cases, the icon most frequently depicted is that of the monastery’s patron saint, who was the beneficiary of the prince’s favour; however, there are also instances in which the prince’s patron saint is depicted. As an example, we may mention the documents from May and November 1793 issued by Alexandru Moruzi, which depict St Alexander the Hierarch, the ruler’s patron saint. The document dated October 1770, issued by Manuil Ruset to the Mărculești hermitage, also features the icon of St Manuil, the ruler’s patron saint.
As patron saints, the following appear most frequently: St. Nicholas, in documents relating to Dealul Monastery; Saints Constantine and Helena in charters relating to the Metropolitan See of Wallachia; the Annunciation for Glavacioc Monastery; the Dormition of the Mother of God for Cotroceni Monastery; Saints Michael and Gabriel the Archangels for Mărgineni Monastery, St John the Baptist for St John’s Monastery in Focșani, and St Spyridon and St Visarion for the Church of St Spyridon the New in Bucharest.
Among the rarer patron saints depicted on the charters, we note: the Forty Martyrs, depicted on documents relating to the Bucharest metochion of the Diocese of Râmnic; St Elijah, the patron saint of Doicești Monastery; Saints Catherine and Moses, featured in documents relating to St Catherine’s Monastery in Bucharest, dedicated to the Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Tablets of the Law.
Less common icons include those of St Marcian, with the Fathers of the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, depicted on Mihail Racoviță’s charter of 1742; of St Manuel; of the Holy Prophets David and Solomon, depicted on documents issued by Ștefan Cantacuzino granting exemption from taxes. In terms of frequency, the most commonly encountered in the documents analysed so far are: St Nicholas the Hierarch, Saints Constantine and Helena; and icons of the Mother of God.
The iconographic miniatures are rendered in accordance with the conventions of Byzantine painting, being similar, from this point of view, to the icons found in manuscripts, liturgical books or churches. For example, in the document dated 29 November 1784, in which Mihail Suțu confirms the previous grants to the Diocese of Râmnic—namely, salt blocks from Ocna Mare and the princely vineyard—St. Hierarch Nicholas, the patron saint of the diocese. He appears in the top left-hand corner of the document, standing, dressed in bishop’s robes, blessing with his right hand and holding the Holy Gospel in his left. The saint’s robes are coloured red, green and yellow. As we read in the text, the privileges are granted by the prince: The Holy and Divine Bishops of Râmnicu in southern Vâlcea, where the feast day of the Holy Great Hierarch and Wonder-worker Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra in Lycia 10, is to be honoured and celebrated.
St Nicholas is also depicted on the first charter adorned with votive portraits 11 and iconographic miniatures identified to date. This refers to the document dated 10 July 1614, by which Radu Mihnea confirmed the estate of the Dealul Monastery. On this occasion, the Saint is not depicted standing, but only as a bust, albeit in the same pose, holding the Holy Gospel in his left hand and giving a blessing with his right. He is robed in the vestments of a bishop.
A beautifully decorated document featuring several icons, some of which depict saints who are rarely portrayed, is the one dated 25 October 1770, in which Manuil Ruset confirms the previous privileges of the Mărculești hermitage, which at that time was in Muscel County. On the right-hand side, St Great Martyr Demetrius is depicted standing, with a spear in his left hand and a cross in his right, clad in a green robe and a red cloak. On the left is the icon of the Ascension of the Lord, depicting the Mother of God, angels and saints in the lower register, and Christ and two angels in the upper register, the Ascension being the monastery’s patronal feast; below this is St Manuel, the prince’s patron saint. Between the icons is the coat of arms of Wallachia: the cross-bearing eagle—that is, holding a cross in its beak—with its wings spread; above the shield is a crowned shield. The preamble to the document is also beautiful; it explains the reason for the donation and recalls that:
Those deeds beneficial to the soul which, through the love of God, are performed and accomplished by the pious princes for the holy and divine places, not only bring them temporal praise, but also, after their passing, leave them immortal names and eternal remembrance 12.
Some documents are illuminated by the Slavonic teacher from St George the Old, Popa Flor, renowned particularly for his manuscript illumination. As an example of a charter adorned by him, we mention that of 30 July 1763, in which Constantin Racoviță sets the salary of the Greek and Slavonic teachers at two schools in Craiova, the income for which was to be provided by the monasteries of Bistrița and Arnota. The text tells us that the prince was asked by the Bishop of Râmnic, Grigorie, to renew the endowments of these schools:
His Holiness, the God-loving Father Grigorie, Bishop of Râmnic, through prayer, reminded us of two schools in the town of Craiova belonging to the diocese, one teaching Greek and the other Slavonic, so that we might renew and strengthen their institutions and the regulations they have […] and we have placed them under the full administration and care of His Eminence13.
The document features depictions of St Nicholas and St Demetrius.
Another document decorated by Popa Flor is that dated 4 July 1768, in which Alexandru Scarlat Ghica confirms to the Monastery of St Spiridon in Bucharest the income from certain marshes in the counties of Dolj and Romanați. At the top of the document, on either side of the coat of arms of Wallachia—the cross-bearing eagle on a shield bearing a stamped crown and held by two facing lions—are depicted Saints Hierarchs Spiridon and Visarion, the church’s patron saints. They are clad in beautifully coloured episcopal vestments with gold trim; the former holds a burning brick in his left hand and bestows a blessing with his right, whilst the other holds the Holy Gospel in his left hand and bestows a blessing with his right. The text contains a very beautiful preamble which explains the reason for the donation, but which also demonstrates the lords’ awareness that they have received dominion over the Christian people from God and that they are duty-bound to do good, especially for the Church, through donations to the holy places:
The lords and rulers, chosen by God and raised to the high and most glorious rank of sovereignty, for the governance of the Christian people and communities, have an undeniable duty to strengthen and safeguard, unwaveringly and unshakably, not only that which has been well ordered and established by the late and former rulers, but even more so, the most commendable duty is recognised when, with a willing heart, they strive for the benefit of the divine places of worship, through donations and endowments 14.
Icons also appear on charters for monasteries outside the Romanian territory. We refer to the document dated 16 May 1727, by which Nicolae Mavrocordat confirmed a donation of 6,000 bani from the royal treasury to the Pogoniana Monastery in Epirus. At the top of the document are depicted Saints Peter and Paul, the monastery’s patron saints, as we also read in the text. The former holds a church in his hand, the latter the Holy Gospel, and they are flanked on either side by the combined coats of arms of Wallachia and Moldavia.
The ornate charters mentioned here are therefore significant in both form and content. In terms of form, because they are beautifully adorned with icons of saints, rendered in accordance with the canons of Byzantine painting, as set out in the hermeneia, just as they are depicted in churches; and in terms of content, because of the princely grants or confirmations of privileges to churches and monasteries, to bishops or to the Metropolis of Wallachia, as most of them are addressed to the Church. Some of them begin with a preamble, which reveals the rulers’ conception of Christian governance, their awareness that they govern a Christian people and that they have a duty to care for the holy places of worship. At the same time, the depiction of saints on official documents issued by the princes also reflects the Christian worldview of the rulers of that era (who, in the opening protocol section of the document, stated in their title that they reigned by the grace of God). The documents highlight a Christian state, albeit under Ottoman suzerainty, which nevertheless enjoyed internal autonomy, preserving its institutions and the Orthodox faith.
The documents are beautifully illuminated with coloured inks and gold leaf, which demonstrates the honour the rulers accorded to the saints and, by extension, to the monasteries to which they granted endowments. Most of these documents date from the Phanariot period, which brought about institutional reforms and modernisation, whilst maintaining respect for the Church.
Appendix
The 17th century
- 10 July 1614 – Radu Mihnea, Prince of Wallachia, grants villages to Dealul Monastery. ANIC, Scrolls 2. Slavonic text; the charter depicts the icon of St Nicholas the Hierarch, the monastery’s patron saint.
- 9 April 1646 – Matei Basarab, Prince of Wallachia, grants estates and tax exemptions to Doicești Monastery in Prahova County. ANIC, Muntenești Document Collection, XXV/16. Text in Slavonic; the icon of St Elijah the Prophet, the patron saint of Doicești Monastery, appears.
- 21 May 1652 – Matei Basarab, Prince of Wallachia, reaffirms the previous privileges of Dealul Monastery. ANIC, Dealul Monastery, II/1. Slavonic text; the icon of Saint Nicholas the Hierarch, patron saint of Dealul Monastery.
- 15 January 1655 – Constantin Șerban, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the villages and privileges of Vieroși Monastery. ANIC, Vieroși Monastery, XXI/1. On the left-hand side of the document is a depiction of St George slaying the dragon.
- 20 October 1682 – Șerban Cantacuzino, Prince of Wallachia, dedicates Cotroceni Monastery to the Holy Mountain. ANIC, Scrolls 7. It depicts the icon of the Dormition of the Mother of God, the patronal feast of Cotroceni Monastery.
- 25 April 1695 – Constantin Brâncoveanu, Prince of Wallachia, grants estates and revenues to Hurez Monastery, a foundation of his own. ANIC, Volumes I/9. The charter depicts Christ surrounded by saints (St John Chrysostom), prophets (David and Solomon) and angels.
18th century
- April 1714 – Ștefan Cantacuzino, Prince of Wallachia, exempts priests from paying taxes to the treasury. ANIC, Metropolitanate of Wallachia, CDXCII/3. Two icons appear, depicting Saints David and Solomon respectively.
- 1 April 1714 – Ștefan Cantacuzino, Prince of Wallachia, abolishes the cattle-herding tax. ANIC, Diplomatic Documents Collection No. 10. Text in Greek. Solomon is depicted.
- 29 July 1715 – An archiepiscopal charter for the establishment of Antim Monastery in Bucharest. ANIC, Rolls I/13. The document is adorned with an icon of Christ, surrounded by angels.
- 14 October 1715 – Ștefan Cantacuzino grants privileges to the Monastery of All Saints. BAR, Historical Documents, XIV/30. An angel is depicted.
- 28 May 1716 – Nicolae Alexandru Mavrocordat, Prince of Wallachia, grants a village to Glavacioc Monastery. ANIC, Glavacioc Monastery, XVII/12. At the top of the document is depicted the icon of the Annunciation, the monastery’s patronal feast.
- 9 February 1723 – Nicolae Alexandru Mavrocordat, Prince of Wallachia, grants the Metropolis of Bucharest the right to establish villages populated by people exempt from taxes. ANIC, Metropolitanate of Wallachia, XII/2. The document is adorned with an icon of Saints Constantine and Helena, the patron saints of the Metropolitanate.
- 16 May 1727 – Nicolae Alexandru Mavrocordat, Prince of Wallachia, confirms a grant to Pogoniana Monastery in Epirus. ANIC, Seals 93. The Holy Apostles Peter and Paul are depicted on the hriosv.
- 22 April 1731 – Mihail Racoviță, Prince of Wallachia, with the consent of the founders, decrees that the Monastery of Mărgineni be dedicated to Mount Sinai. BAR, Historical Documents, CCCXCVIII/63. The frontispiece features icons of Saint Catherine, the patron saint of Sinai, and of Saints Michael and Gabriel, together with the assembly of the Holy Archangels, the patron saints of Mărgineni Monastery.
- 13 May 1731 – Mihail Racoviță, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the revenues of St John’s Monastery in Focșani. BAR, Historical Documents, XIV/29. The icon of St John the Baptist, the monastery’s patron saint, is restored.
- 12 October 1735 – Grigorie II Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, founded the hospital at Pantelimon. MIB, 13 161. In the upper part, two saints are depicted, probably St Pantelimon and Visarion.
- January 1742 – Mihail Racoviță, Prince of Wallachia, decrees that the clergy and the people must observe the ecclesiastical canons. ANIC, Metropolitanate of Wallachia, CDXLVII/1. The charter is adorned with the icon of Sts Constantine and Helena and of the Fathers of the Council of Chalcedon, in which St Marcian, the Byzantine emperor who convened the council, is depicted in the foreground.
- 20 January 1750 – Grigorie II Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the Mărgineni Monastery’s ownership of a village. BAR, Historical Documents, CCCXCVIII/71. The frontispiece depicts, in two separate icons, the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel.
- 9 July 1759 – Scarlat Grigorie Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the ownership of several estates by the Monastery and Hospital of St Pantelimon. BAR, Scroll 131. The icon of the Great Martyr St Panteleimon appears.
- 14 March 1761 – Scarlat Grigorie Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, grants several villages to the Metropolis of Bucharest. ANIC, Metropolis of Wallachia, VII/34. An icon of Christ and the Holy Emperors Constantine and Helena, the patron saints of the Metropolis, appears.
- 30 July 1763 – Constantin Racoviță, Prince of Wallachia, sets the salaries of the Greek and Slavonic teachers. BAR, Historical Documents, XCIV/28. A charter adorned with icons of St Nicholas the Hierarch and St Demetrius.
- 18 July 1764 – Ștefan Mihai Racoviță, Prince of Wallachia, confirms an estate at Baia de Aramă, Mehedinți County, to Hagi Constantin Stoenescu. BAR, Historical Documents, LV/2. The charter bears the icon of the Resurrection and that of St Stephen, the Prince’s patron saint.
- 15 September 1767 – Alexandru Scarlat Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, decides to establish a hospital near the Church of St Pantelimon. BAR, Scroll 92. Depicted are St Panteleimon the Great Martyr and St Visarion of Larissa.
- 4 July 1768 – Alexandru Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, grants the Monastery of St Spiridon in Bucharest revenue from customs duties. BAR, Doc. Ist., CCCXCVI/5. Icons of Saints Spyridon and Visarion, the monastery’s patron saints, appear.
- 5 July 1768 – Alexandru Ghica, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the foundation of the Church of St Spiridon in Bucharest. BAR, Scroll 3. The charter is adorned with the icon of Saint Visarion and Saint Spiridon, the patron saints of the church.
- 25 October 1770 – Manuil Ruset, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the previous privileges of the Mărculești hermitage in Muscel County. BAR, Doc. Ist., LXIX/111. In the upper part, the charter is adorned with the icons of Saint Demetrius the Great Martyr, flanked by two angels, and the icon of the Ascension of the Lord, the monastery’s two patronal feasts. The icon of Saint Manuel, the prince’s patron saint, also appears.
- August 1782 – Nicolae Caragea, Prince of Wallachia, grants a village to the Grand Steward Ianache Moruzi. BAR, Doc. Ist., CCCXCVI/74. The icon of St Nicholas the Hierarch is depicted.
- August 1782 – Nicolae Caragea, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the previous grants to Căldărușani Monastery. BAR, Historical Documents, LV/4. The charter depicts an icon of St Demetrius the Great Martyr, patron saint of Căldărușani Monastery.
- 29 September 1784 – Mihail Suțu, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the previous grants to the Diocese of Buzău. BAR, Historical Documents, CXXV/7. It depicts the icon of the Dormition of the Mother of God, the patronal feast of the Diocese.
- 29 November 1784 – Mihail Suțu, Prince of Wallachia, confirms the previous grants to the Diocese of Râmnic. BAR, Historical Documents, XCIV/36. The document features an icon of St Nicholas the Hierarch, the patron saint of the Diocese.
- 1 July 1786 – Nicolae Mavrogheni, Prince of Wallachia, orders that the water brought by Filaret, Bishop of Râmnic, be used at the monastery in Bucharest. BAR, Historical Documents, XCIV/37. The charter depicts the Deesis icon, showing Christ surrounded by the Mother of God and St John the Baptist, and the icon of the Forty Holy Martyrs, the patron saints of the Bucharest metochion of the Diocese of Râmnic.
- 6 October 1786 – Nicolae Mavrogheni, Prince of Wallachia, reaffirms the privileges of the churches of St Parascheva, St John and St Nicholas in Bucharest. MIB, 25 516. At the top of the document are icons depicting the Holy Trinity, the Mother of God, St Nicholas the Hierarch and St John the Baptist.
- 24 May 1793 – Alexandru Moruzi, Prince of Wallachia, grants an estate to the Grand Steward Ianache Moruzi. BAR, Doc. Ist., CCCXCVI/50. The charter features an icon of St Alexander, the prince’s patron saint.
- 24 May 1793 – Alexandru Moruzi, Prince of Wallachia, confirms several estates to the Grand Logothete Scarlat Ghica. BAR, Historical Documents, Seal 395. The document features an icon of the Dormition of the Mother of God and St Nicholas the Hierarch.
- 23 November 1793 – Alexandru Constantin Moruzi, Prince of Wallachia, issues a regulation concerning navigation on the Danube. ANIC, Scrolls I/47. The icon of St Alexander, the prince’s patron saint, is depicted.
- July 1796 – Alexandru Constantin Moruzi, Prince of Wallachia, founded the hospital at Dudești. MIB, 13 058. Four saints are depicted in the upper part of the document.
19th century
- June 1805 – Constantin Alexandru Ipsilanti, Prince of Wallachia, exempts the monasteries from sheep-rearing duties. ANIC, Scrolls I/56. A charter adorned with the icon of St Constantine, the prince’s patron saint.
- 30 October 1819 – Alexandru Suțu grants tax exemptions to the Monastery of St Catherine in Bucharest, dedicated to Mount Sinai. BAR, Doc. Ist, CCCXCVIII/73. The document is adorned with the icon of St Catherine the Great Martyr and St Moses.
- 1
Which feature miniatures. The word derives from lead minium, a red pigment used to write initials, frontispieces, titles and borders; the word ‘cinnabar’ was also used. See M. D. Ciucă, The Auxiliary Sciences of History, Bucharest, University of Bucharest Press, 2008, p. 64.
- 2
We are working on identifying and showcasing these documents, which are adorned with icons, through a study that will also include facsimiles where possible.
- 3
See, for example, facsimile reproductions in the following works: The Rulers and the Royal Entourage in the Phanariot Era, edited by Gabriela Dumitrescu, Bucharest, Excelență prin Cultură, 2015; From the Heritage of the National Archives. An Album of Documents, ed. Corneliu-Mihai Lungu, Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă, Bucharest, National Archives of Romania, 2006; Romania. History in Documents, ed. Ioana Burlacu, Maria Dogaru, Silvia Popovici, Ioan Opriș, Maria Soveja, Bucharest, 1992; Claudiu-Victor Turcitu, History in Documents. The Mavrocordatos 1711–1786, Bucharest, DAR Development Association, 2015; Feudal Documents Concerning the History of Bucharest and the Neighbouring Villages in the Collection of the Bucharest Municipal Museum, ed. Ionel Ioniță, Bucharest, Bucharest Municipal Museum Press, 2006; Mariana Lazăr, Under the Sign of the Double-Headed Eagle. The Cantacuzinos in the 17th Century, Bucharest, Cotroceni National Museum, 2016.
- 4
Gh. Popescu-Vâlcea, Romanian Miniature, Bucharest, Meridiane Publishers, 1981, p. 95.
- 5
For further details on these aspects of the influence of Wallachian iconography on that of Moldavia, together with the relevant bibliography, see Șt. Andreescu, Restitutio Daciae, vol. II, Bucharest, Albatros Publishers, 1989, pp. 60–61. The trend towards charters adorned with votive portraits is linked to Matei al Mirelor, of Dealul Monastery.
- 6
Gh. Popescu-Vâlcea, Romanian Miniatures, Bucharest, Meridiane, 1998, pp. 77–78.
- 7
ANIC, Ms. 256, f. 17v.
- 8
N. Iorga, ‘The Gospel Book of Alexandru-Vodă Mircea on Mount Sinai’, in Bulletin of the Commission for Historical Monuments
- 9
Gh. Popescu-Vâlcea, Romanian Miniatures…, p. 79.
- 10
BAR, Manuscripts–Rare Books, Historical Documents, XCIV/36.
- 11
Radu Mihnea, his wife Arghira and their son Alexandru, depicted standing beneath the icon of St Nicholas, all wearing open-style crowns.
- 12
BAR, Manuscripts–Rare Books, Historical Documents, LXIX/111.
- 13
BAR, Manuscripts–Rare Books, Historical Documents, XCIV/28.
- 14
BAR, Manuscripts–Rare Books, Historical Documents, CCCXCVI/5.