This article analyses the theological distinction between temptation and trial in man’s spiritual life, drawing on scriptural texts and the teachings of Saints John Climacus, Isaac the Syrian, the Apostles James and Paul, and Silouan the Athonite. The reader comes to understand that temptation arises from sinful inclinations or the work of the devil, whilst trial is ordained by God for the sake of strengthening, humility and spiritual growth.